Simple Summary Horses' behavior is a good indicator of their welfare status. However, its
complexity requires objective, quantifiable, and unambiguous evidence-based assessment …

Measures of energy expenditure can be used to inform animal conservation and
management, but methods for measuring the energy expenditure of free‐ranging animals …

The identification of sea turtle behaviours is a prerequisite to predicting the activities and
time-budget of these animals in their natural habitat over the long term. However, this is …

Background Studies on animal behaviour often involve the quantification of the occurrence
and duration of various activities. When direct observations are challenging (eg, at night, in a …

The trade off between energy gained and expended is the foundation of understanding how,
why and when animals perform any activity. Based on the concept that animal movements …

Animal-borne sensors ('bio-loggers') can record a suite of kinematic and environmental data,
which can elucidate animal ecophysiology and improve conservation efforts. Machine …

Research in ecology often requires robust assessment of animal behaviour, but classifying
behavioural patterns in free-ranging animals and in natural environments can be especially …

Animal-attached accelerometers have been widely used to monitor species that are difficult
to observe, alongside the use of machine learning to identify behaviours from the obtained …

Background Tri-axial accelerometers have been used to remotely describe and identify in
situ behaviours of a range of animals without requiring direct observations. Datasets …

Simple Summary Housing and management conditions strongly influence the health,
welfare and activity behaviour of horses. To improve horses' living conditions, it is necessary …