Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

Abstract 'T cell exhaustion'is a broad term that has been used to describe the response of T
cells to chronic antigen stimulation, first in the setting of chronic viral infection but more …

T cell activation requires extracellular stimulatory signals that are mainly mediated by T cell
receptor (TCR) complexes. The TCR recognizes antigens on major histocompatibility …

Summary Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells promote immunological tumor tolerance, but how
their immune-suppressive function is regulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

During persistent antigen stimulation, CD8+ T cells show a gradual decrease in effector
function, referred to as exhaustion, which impairs responses in the setting of tumors and …

Ubiquitination has emerged as a crucial mechanism that regulates signal transduction in
diverse biological processes, including different aspects of immune functions. Ubiquitination …

Metals are essential components in all forms of life required for the function of nearly half of
all enzymes and are critically involved in virtually all fundamental biological processes …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population playing a pivotal role in immune
responses and tolerance. DCs promote immune tolerance by participating in the negative …

The ubiquitylation of proteins is carried out by E1, E2 and E3 (ubiquitin ligase) enzymes, and
targets them for degradation or for other cellular fates. The HECT enzymes, including Nedd4 …

Chronic viral infections often result in T cell exhaustion. To determine the molecular
signature of exhaustion, we compared the gene-expression profiles of dysfunctional …