The inside of a space-faring vehicle provides a set of conditions unlike anything
experienced by bacteria on Earth. The low-shear, diffusion-limited microenvironment with …

Microgravity (µ g) has a massive impact on the health of space explorers. Microgravity
changes the proliferation, differentiation, and growth of cells. As crewed spaceflights into …

Microgravity environments are known to cause a plethora of stressors to astronauts.
Recently, it has become apparent that gut microbiome composition of astronauts is altered …

Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in bacterial physiological
processes and host-pathogen interactions. Meanwhile, bacterial outer membrane vesicles …

Biofilms are self-organized communities of microorganisms that are encased in an
extracellular polymeric matrix and often found attached to surfaces. Biofilms are widely …

Background Spaceflight is a novel and profoundly stressful environment for life. One aspect
of spaceflight, microgravity, has been shown to perturb animal physiology thereby posing …

The innate immune response is the first line of defense for all animals to not only detect
invading microbes and toxins but also sense and interface with the environment. One such …

Viruses are the most numerically abundant biological entities on Earth. As ubiquitous
replicators of molecular information and agents of community change, viruses have potent …

The burgeoning proliferation of infections attributed to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial
pathogens is profoundly undermining conventional chemotherapeutic modalities …

Perturbations to host–microbe interactions, such as environmental stress, can alter and
disrupt homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effects of a stressor, simulated …