Neurotransmitters, including catecholamines and serotonin, play a crucial role in
maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Studies on these neurotransmitters mainly …

Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) commonly starts with an empiric
trial of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and complementary lifestyle measures, for …

Mental health is a significant yet overlooked aspect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
patient care, with challenges in determining optimal treatments and psychological health …

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disorder due to the retrograde flow of
refluxate into the esophagus. Although GERD is a common clinical diagnosis, its …

Background Symptomatic response to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in patients with
non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) is often reported as lower than in patients with erosive …

Reflux hypersensitivity, recently introduced by Rome IV as a new functional esophageal
disorder, is currently considered as the presence of typical heartburn symptoms in patients …

The management of patients with refractory GERD (rGERD) is a major clinical challenge for
gastroenterologists. In up to 30% of patients with typical GERD symptoms (heartburn and/or …

A significant percentage of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) will not
respond to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The causes of PPI-refractory GERD are …

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent, chronic disorder, whose
knowledge remains limited and the management of these patients changes continuously …

Background The pathogenesis of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is complex
and multifactorial. The oesophageal hypervigilance and anxiety scale (EHAS) is a novel …