In the absence of an intact interferon (IFN) response, mammals may be susceptible to lethal
viral infection. IFNs are secreted cytokines that activate a signal transduction cascade …

Human diseases have been a critical threat from the beginning of human history. Knowing
the origin, course of action and treatment of any disease state is essential. A microscopic …

The host innate immune response mediated by type I interferon (IFN) and the resulting up-
regulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) provide an immediate barrier to …

The global spread of COVID-19, caused by pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need for an imminent response from medical …

Type I interferons (IFNs) play essential roles in establishing and modulating host defense
against microbial infection via induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) through Janus …

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large segment of the transcriptome that do not have
apparent protein-coding roles, but they have been verified to play important roles in diverse …

Host miRNAs are known as important regulators of virus replication and pathogenesis. They
can interact with various viruses through several possible mechanisms including direct …

The long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical regulatory role in the host response to
the viral infection. However, little is understood about the transcriptome architecture …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has high incidence rates with rapid rate of
transmission, is a pandemic that spread across the world, resulting in more than 3,000,000 …

Coronavirus is a family of viruses including alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-coronaviruses. Only
alpha-and betacoronaviruses have been observed to infect humans. Past outbreaks of …