Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of endopeptidases that play a vital role in the
restoration of damaged skin. Through mediating various cellular events such as …

Immune checkpoint therapy has achieved significant efficacy by blocking inhibitory
pathways to release the function of T lymphocytes. In the clinic, anti-programmed cell death …

Granulomas are lumps of immune cells that can form in various organs. Most granulomas
appear unstructured, yet they have some resemblance to lymphoid organs. To better …

Although macrophage‒epithelioid cell (EPC)‒giant cell (GC) differentiation is
acknowledged in foreign body reaction (FBR), the exact molecular features remain elusive …

Abstract Background Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) is a macrophage-secreted
protein that is massively upregulated as a pro-inflammatory factor in metabolic and vascular …

Sarcoidosis is a complex inflammatory multisystem disease of unknown etiology that is
characterised by epithelioid cell granulomatous lesions affecting various organs, mainly the …

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are the proteolytic enzymes accountable for extracellular
matrix (ECM) modification through their Zn2+-dependent catalytic activity. Among these …

Abstract Concepts regarding etiology and pathophysiology of sarcoidosis have changed
remarkably within the past 5 years. Sarcoidosis is now viewed as a complex multi-causation …

Introduction Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease of unknown origin with
heterogeneous clinical manifestations varying from a single organ non-caseating granuloma …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to diabetic ulcers (DUs), which are the most severe
complications. Due to the need for more accurate patient classifications and diagnostic …