Inspired by physically adaptive, agile, reconfigurable and multifunctional soft-bodied
animals and human muscles, soft actuators have been developed for a variety of …

Soft robots' flexibility and compliance give them the potential to outperform traditional rigid-
bodied robots while performing multiple tasks in unexpectedly changing environments and …

Biohybrid systems have been developed to better understand the design principles and
coordination mechanisms of biological systems. We consider whether two functional …

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a kind of connective tissue in the cell microenvironment, which
is of great significance to tissue development. ECM in muscle fiber niche consists of three …

Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable
light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human …

Bioengineering approaches that combine living cellular components with three-dimensional
scaffolds to generate motion can be used to develop a new generation of miniature robots …

Mechanosensing, the transduction of extracellular mechanical stimuli into intracellular
biochemical signals, is a fundamental property of living cells. However, endowing synthetic …

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the
forefront of next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems are predominantly …

Biohybrid is a newly emerging and promising approach to construct soft robotics and soft
machines with novel functions, high energy efficiency, great adaptivity and intelligence …

Bioengineering can address many important needs, from transformative biomedicine to
environmental remediation. In addition to practical applications, the construction of new …