Background and objective Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a major problem after limb
amputation. Mirror therapy (MT) is a non-pharmacological treatment using representations of …

Methods: This review aims to provide an interdisciplinary overview of recent evidence-based
and clinical knowledge. Results: The scientific evidence for best practice is weak and …

Background Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a common consequence of amputation and is
difficult to treat. Mirror therapy (MT), a procedure utilizing the visual recreation of movement …

A variety of treatments have been historically used to alleviate phantom limb pain (PLP) with
varying efficacy. Recently, virtual reality (VR) has been employed as a more sophisticated …

Primary motor cortex (M1) excitability is modulated by both ipsilateral limb movement and
passive observation of movement of the contralateral limb. An interaction of these effects …

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical aspects of mirror therapy (MT)
interventions after stroke, phantom limb pain and complex regional pain syndrome. A …

Extended viewing of movements of the intact hand in a mirror as well as motor imagery has
been shown to decrease pain in phantom pain patients. We used functional magnetic …

Phantom limbs provide valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying bodily awareness
and ownership. This paper reviews the complexity of phantom limb phenomena …

Background. Performing phantom movements with visual virtual feedback, or mirror therapy,
is a promising treatment avenue to alleviate phantom limb pain. However the effectiveness …

The extent to which viewing a 'virtual'limb, the mirror image of an intact limb, modifies the
experience of a phantom limb, was investigated in 80 lower limb amputees before, during …