Antagonistic antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor PD-1 or its
ligand PD-L1 are used to treat a wide range of cancer types and can substantially improve …

Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells engages with programmed
cell death-1 (PD-1) on immune cells, contributing to cancer immune escape. For multiple …

Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors (cancers of the esophagus, gastric, liver, pancreas, colon, and
rectum) contribute to a large number of deaths worldwide. STAT3 is an oncogenic …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that binds to its
receptor PD-1 expressed by T cells and other immune cells to regulate immune responses; …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the high-risk factors for human HCC.
Despite the integration of virus DNA and the oncoprotein HBx, chronic necroinflammation …

During malignant transformation, accumulated somatic mutations endow cancer cells with
increased invasiveness and immunogenicity. Under selective pressure, these highly …

Immunotherapy has achieved great success recently and opened a new avenue for anti-
tumor treatment. Programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) …

Currently, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies that target the programmed cell
death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been used as revolutionary cancer treatments in the clinic …

Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cell-derived exosomes contribute to cancer
progression through the modulation of tumor microenvironment, but the underlying …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated to be highly efficient in treating solid
tumors; however, many patients have limited benefits in terms of response and survival. This …