Together with aspartate, glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Glutamate binds and activates both ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic glutamate …

Huntington's disease is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG
trinucleotide repeat in the gene encoding the huntingtin protein. Despite its well-defined …

Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the normal physiological functions of an
organism, ultimately leading to mortality. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an …

The essential amino acid tryptophan is not only a precursor of serotonin but is also
degraded to several other neuroactive compounds, including kynurenic acid, 3 …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism has emerged in recent years as a
key regulator of the production of both neuroprotective (eg kynurenic and picolinic acid, and …

Neurodegenerative disorders are chronic and life-threatening conditions negatively affecting
the quality of patients' lives. They often have a genetic background, but oxidative stress and …

Various pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) are accompanied by alterations in
tryptophan metabolism. The main metabolic route of tryptophan degradation is the …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat
expansion in the gene encoding for huntingtin protein. A lot has been learned about this …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolizes the essential amino acid tryptophan and
generates a number of neuroactive metabolites collectively called the kynurenines …

Quinolinic acid (QUIN), a neuroactive metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, is normally
presented in nanomolar concentrations in human brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is …