The global energy demand is projected to rise by almost 28% by 2040 compared to current
levels. Biomass is a promising energy source for producing either solid or liquid fuels …

Butanol can be produced from renewable sources via the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE)
fermentation route to create biobutanol or from fossil fuel to create petrobutanol. Despite the …

Syngas is produced by thermochemical conversion, eg, pyrolysis and gasification, of
biomass, animal waste, coal, municipal solid waste and other carbonaceous materials, or …

Lignocellulosic materials, such as forest, agriculture, and agroindustrial residues, are among
the most important resources for biorefineries to provide fuels, chemicals, and materials in …

Due to energy and environmental concerns, biobutanol is gaining increasing attention as an
alternative renewable fuel owing to its desirable fuel properties. Biobutanol production from …

Butanol is acknowledged as a drop-in biofuel that can be used in the existing transportation
infrastructure, addressing the needs for sustainable liquid fuel. However, before becoming a …

Biochar is traditionally used to improve soil properties in arable land and as adsorbent or
precursor of activated carbon in wastewater treatment. Recent advances have shown …

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been actively studied in academia and industry for
their properties comparable to petroleum-derived plastics and high biocompatibility …

Bioethanol production from corn is a well-established technology. However, emphasis on
exploring non-food based feedstocks is intensified due to dispute over utilization of food …

The production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass is not economically viable unless it
is co-produced with other marketable high value bio-based compounds using a biorefinery …