Tip-enhanced infrared difference-nanospectroscopy of the proton pump activity of bacteriorhodopsin in single purple membrane patches

V Giliberti, R Polito, E Ritter, M Broser, P Hegemann… - Nano …, 2019 - ACS Publications
Photosensitive proteins embedded in the cell membrane (about 5 nm thickness) act as
photoactivated proton pumps, ion gates, enzymes, or more generally, as initiators of stimuli …