Throughout Earth's history, CO2 is thought to have exerted a fundamental control on
environmental change. Here we review and revise CO2 reconstructions from boron isotopes …

Growing evidence suggests that environmentally relevant elevations in CO2 (< 5,000 ppm)
may pose direct risks for human health. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations could …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

Variations in Earth's orbit pace the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Quaternary, but the
mechanisms that transform regional and seasonal variations in solar insolation into glacial …

Over the coming century humanity may need to find reservoirs to store several trillions of
tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel combustion, which would otherwise …

Abstract The Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, which occurred about 51 to 53 million
years ago), was the warmest interval of the past 65 million years, with mean annual surface …

Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however,
assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations …

Earth's climate underwent a fundamental change between 1250 and 700 thousand years
ago, the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT), when the dominant periodicity of climate cycles …

Experiments have shown that ocean acidification due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentrations has deleterious effects on the performance of many marine organisms …