Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Animal and plant immune systems use intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization
domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogens, resulting in the activation of …

INTRODUCTION Nucleotide-binding (NB), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs)
mediate plant immunity by directly or indirectly sensing pathogen effector proteins delivered …

INTRODUCTION Nucleotide-binding (NB), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor (NLR)
proteins constitute a family of intracellular immune receptors in both animals and plants that …

Highlights•A subset of NLRs form robust networks of helpers underlying the bulk of NLRs
that function as sensors.•Ancient, conserved RNL helper NLRs are required for some sensor …

Highlights•NLRs may have evolved from singletons to pairs and networks.•Assembly of
immunoreceptor complexes is associated with NLR activation.•NLR (mis) regulation …

Contents Summary 17 I. Introduction 17 II. Pathogen perception by NLRs: from direct
recognition to integrated decoys 18 III. Multiple activation and signaling pathways for NLRs …

Host organisms utilise a range of genetically encoded cell death programmes in response to
pathogen challenge. Host cell death can restrict pathogen proliferation by depleting their …

Animals and plants have NLRs (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors) that
recognize the presence of pathogens and initiate innate immune responses. In plants, there …

The molecular codes underpinning the functions of plant NLR immune receptors are poorly
understood. We used in vitro Mu transposition to generate a random truncation library and …