The vascular endothelium is a dynamic, functionally complex organ, modulating multiple
biological processes, including vascular tone and permeability, inflammatory responses …

The accurate definition and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major
achievements of modern nephrology. Intensive research is now being undertaken to unravel …

The endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23, are critical for
maintaining whole-body homeostasis, with roles in bile acid, glucose and lipid metabolism …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health epidemic that increases risk of death due to
cardiovascular disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important mechanism of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health threat that increases risk of
death due to cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop increased levels of the phosphate-
regulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, that are associated with a higher risk …

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) regulates phosphorus metabolism and is a strong
predictor of mortality in dialysis patients. FGF23 is thought to be an early biomarker of …

Context A high level of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-
23) is associated with mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease, but little is known …

An elevated level of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is the earliest abnormality of
mineral metabolism in CKD. High FGF-23 levels promote left ventricular hypertrophy but not …

Calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (PO43−) homeostasis are coordinated by systemic and local
factors that regulate intestinal absorption, influx and efflux from bone, and kidney excretion …