Abstract TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in
mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix …

Articular cartilage (AC) covers the diarthrodial joints and is responsible for the mechanical
distribution of loads across the joints. The majority of its structure and function is controlled …

OA is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation,
osteophyte formation, synovitis, and subchondral bone sclerosis. One of OAs main risk …

Cartilage damage is a key feature of degenerative joint disorders—primarily osteoarthritis
(OA)—and chronic inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) …

Articular cartilage injuries and degenerative joint diseases are responsible for progressive
pain and disability in millions of people worldwide, yet there is currently no treatment …

Osteoarthritis (OA) afflicts more than 20 million people in the United States and about 10% of
adults over the age of 50 years [1]. It has been demonstrated that 2.0% of women and 1.4 …

Authored by experts of international renown, the new edition of The Biomechanics of Back
Pain forms a bridge between the latest research and the effective clinical management of …

Laminin (Ln) and collagen are multifunctional glycoproteins that play an important role in
cellular morphogenesis, cell signalling, tissue repair and cell migration. These proteins are …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and no disease-
modifying therapy for OA is currently available. Targeting articular cartilage alone may not …

Articular cartilage injury and degeneration is a frequent occurrence in synovial joints.
Treatment of these articular cartilage lesions are a challenge because this tissue is …