Bacterial culture was the first method used to describe the human microbiota, but this
method is considered outdated by many researchers. Metagenomics studies have since …

SUMMARY A pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its
antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding …

Ticks are considered the second vector of human and animal diseases after mosquitoes.
Therefore, identification of ticks and associated pathogens is an important step in the …

Background Relapsing fever is the most frequent bacterial disease in Africa. Four main
vector/pathogen complexes are classically recognized, with the louse Pediculus humanus …

Zoonoses present a major public health threat and are estimated to account for a substantial
part of the infectious disease burden in low-income countries. The severity of zoonotic …

Relapsing fever spirochetes are tick-and louse-borne pathogens that primarily afflict those in
impoverished countries. Historically the pathogens have had a significant impact on public …

The term relapsing fever was first coined after an outbreak of relapsing febrile illness in
Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Although Otto Obermeier revealed the infectious etiology of …

Ticks are a significant group of arthropod vectors that transmit a large variety of pathogens
responsible for human and animal diseases worldwide. Ticks are the second biggest …

Disease burden within cattle is a concern around the world. Bovine borreliosis, one such
disease, is caused by the spirochete Borrelia theileri transmitted by the bite of an infected …

Borrelia species fall into two groups, the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex, the
cause of Lyme borreliosis (also known as Lyme disease), and the relapsing fever group …