Wide disparities in obstetric outcomes exist between women of different race/ethnicities. The
prevalence of preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, fetal demise, maternal mortality, and …

Infant mortality (IM) and birth outcomes, key population health indicators, have lifelong
implications for individuals, and are unequally distributed globally. Even among western …

We examined associations between state-level measures of structural racism and infant
mortality among black and white populations across the US. Overall and race-specific infant …

Findings from studies investigating associations of residential environment with poor birth
outcomes have been inconsistent. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined …

This paper reviews methods to create a socioeconomic index that apply standardization
procedures and factor scores, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages among …

This paper investigated whether greater tree-canopy cover is associated with reduced risk of
poor birth outcomes in Portland, Oregon. Residential addresses were geocoded and linked …

Despite a proliferation of research on neighborhood effects on health, how neighborhood
economic development, in the form of gentrification, affects health and well-being in the USA …

Summary Metcalfe A, Lail P, Ghali WA, Sauve RS. The association between
neighbourhoods and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of …

Confounding associated with social stratification or other selection processes has been
called structural confounding. In the presence of structural confounding, certain covariate …

Background US mortality rate of term infants is higher than most other developed countries.
Term infant mortality is associated with exogenous socio-environmental factors. Previous …