Investigating the developmental sequelae of early life stress has provided researchers the
opportunity to examine adaptive responses to extreme environments. A large body of work …

Childhood adversity can have wide-ranging and long-lasting effects on later life. But what
are the mechanisms that are responsible for these effects? This article brings together the …

Two extant frameworks–the harshness-unpredictability model and the threat-deprivation
model–attempt to explain which dimensions of adversity have distinct influences on …

Although early-life adversity can undermine healthy development, children growing up in
harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced, skills for solving problems in …

Early in development, the process of exploration helps children gather new information that
fosters learning about the world. Yet, it is unclear how childhood experiences may influence …

How does repeated or chronic childhood adversity shape social and cognitive abilities?
According to the prevailing deficit model, children from high-stress backgrounds are at risk …

Adolescence is a time in development when significant changes occur in affective
neurobiology. These changes provide a prolonged period of plasticity to prepare the …

On average, psychological variables are often statistically different in people living in poverty
compared with people living in affluence. The default academic response to this pattern is …

Highlights•In harsh environments, people become more present-oriented.•Present-
orientation increases vigilance, impulsivity, and future discounting.•Present-orientation …

Intuitively, children appear to be more exploratory than adults, and this exploration seems to
help children learn,. However, there have been few clear tests of these ideas. We test …