Harvestmen are a major arachnid order that has experienced a dramatic increase in
biological knowledge in the 21st century. The publication of the book Harvestmen: The …

The harvestmen subfamily Hernandariinae is reviewed and a new classification is proposed
based on cladistic analysis using 67 morphological characters. The subfamily is composed …

Background The comparative embryology of Chelicerata has greatly advanced in recent
years with the integration of classical studies and genetics, prominently spearheaded by …

Animals have evolved adaptations to deal with environmental challenges. For instance,
voluntarily releasing appendages (autotomy) to escape potential predators. Although it may …

Intraspecific weapon polymorphisms that arise via conditional thresholds may be affected by
juvenile experience such as predator encounters, yet this idea has rarely been tested. The …

By the possession of unique exocrine scent glands, Opiliones (harvestmen) arise as a
perfect model for studies on the evolutionary history of secretion chemistry. Among gland …

When threatened, the harvestman Egaenus convexus (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) ejects a
secretion against offenders. The secretion originates from large prosomal scent glands and …

Sexual differences in morphology can evolve by sexual selection and/or natural selection. In
some species, only males have morphological structures that are used as weapons. Since …

Large prosomal scent glands constitute a major synapomorphic character of the arachnid
order O piliones. These glands produce a variety of chemicals very specific to opilionid taxa …

Abstract Extracts of Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Opiliones, Dyspnoi,
Nemastomatidae) contained seven components, all of which likely originated from the …