The aims of the study were to describe the physiological profile of a 65-km (4000-m
cumulative elevation gain) running mountain ultra-marathon (MUM) and to identify …

Objective This narrative review summarizes recent intentions to find potential predictor
variables for ultra-triathlon race performance (ie, triathlon races longer than the Ironman …

Background Ultra-endurance events are gaining popularity in multiple exercise disciplines,
including cycling. With increasing numbers of ultra-cycling events, aspects influencing …

The nutritional strategy during an ultra-endurance triathlon (UET) is one of the main
concerns of athletes competing in such events. The purpose of this study is to provide a …

The discovery of erythropoietin (EPO) simplified blood doping in sports, but improved
detection methods, for EPO has forced cheating athletes to return to blood transfusion …

Peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak) is commonly indexed by total body weight (TBW) to
determine cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF). This approach may lead to misinterpretation …

The physical demands of a single long-distance triathlon (LDT) are sufficient to cause robust
physiological perturbations. In this unique case study, an ultraendurance athlete completed …

Triathlon is a sport consisting of swimming, cycling and running performed consecutively
over different distances, with each discipline connected by a brief transition. The distances …

Aims To investigate whether participation in the Trans Europe Foot Race 2009 (TEFR), an
ultramarathon race held over 64 consecutive days and 4486 km, led to changes in cardiac …

The aim of this study was to analyze the exercise intensity and competition load (PL) based
on heart rate (HR) during different mountain running races. Seven mountain runners …