Four epidemiological categories were initially devised for classifying water-related infectious
“diseases” with regard to the engineering technologies required to prevent or control them …

Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease
epidemics. In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global …

Vibrio cholerae is a globally important pathogen that is endemic in many areas of the world
and causes 3–5 million reported cases of cholera every year. Historically, there have been …

The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, has been shown to be autochthonous to
riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters along with its host, the copepod, a significant member …

Foodborne diseases cause an estimated 76 million illnesses in the USA each year. Seafood
is implicated in 10–19% of these illnesses. A causative agent can be traced in about 44% of …

Infectious diarrhea is an important public health problem worldwide. Research has provided
new insights into the mechanisms of diarrhea caused by various pathogens that are …

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal during 1992–1993 was associated with
large epidemics of cholera in India and Bangladesh and, initially, with a total displacement …

Summary Cathelicidin (hCAP‐18/LL‐37) and β‐defensin 1 (HBD‐1) are human
antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with high basal expression levels, which form the first line of …

Cholera is a life-threatening infectious disease that remains an important public health issue
in several low and middle-income countries. In 1992, a newly identified O139 Vibrio …

Abstract Somatic antigen agglutinable type-1/139 Vibrio cholerae (SAAT-1/139-Vc)
members or O1/O139 V. cholerae have been described by various investigators as …