Renewable energy sources (RES) integration into the grid is an effective way to address the
progressive rise in load demand brought on by population and economic expansion; …

In this work, an opposition-based learning-aggrandized class topper optimization (OBL-
ACTO) algorithm is proposed to optimize the operating time of directional overcurrent relays …

In the contemporary context of power network protection, acknowledging uncertainties in
safeguarding recent power networks integrated with distributed generation (DG) is …

The effective functioning and regulation of power systems crucially rely on the coordination
of distance and directional overcurrent relays. Accurate fault detection and successful …

The integration of distributed generations (DGs) in the microgrids creates numerous
diificulties to the present protection schemes. The magnitude and direction of fault current …

This paper proposes a comprehensive 26-bus microgrid (MG) test system designed to
validate or propose new protection coordination schemes. The proposed MG test system …

In this paper, the relay coordination problem is formulated as a linear and non-linear
optimization problem with a number of operational constraints. The primary objective of …

The coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is a crucial aspect in ensuring
the safety of the power system through the proper alignment of primary and backup …

In power systems, the overcurrent protection stands out for its simple operation and low cost.
However, the coordination of the devices that performs this function have to be reevaluated …