In the first phase of development of lumbar endoscopic spine surgery, the focus was on
removal of soft disc material through the working corridor of Kambin's triangle using …

OBJECTIVE Lumbar stenosis treatment has evolved with the introduction of minimally
invasive surgery (MIS) techniques. Endoscopic methods take the concepts applied to MIS a …

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) has evolved as a safe, effective, and efficient alternative for
minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). The innovation of full-endoscopic systems makes …

Background: Severe collapsed disc secondary to degenerative spinal conditions leads to
significant foraminal stenosis. We hypothesized that uniportal posterolateral transforaminal …

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of uniportal and biportal lumbar endoscopic
unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (LE-ULBD) in patients with lumbar spinal …

Minimally invasive spinal surgery in particular lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy with
bilateral decompression becomes popular as it can be performed with regional anesthesia …

Background Uniportal endoscopic posterolateral lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF)
provides one of the least invasive forms of minimally invasive surgery, allowing large size …

Purpose Although lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common spinal disease in the
elderly, there is still a confusion about the appropriate surgical treatment strategy. The aim of …

Background The aim of the present study is to compare the clinical outcomes and
postoperative complications of lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy bilateral …

Background Endoscopic spine surgery has been established as a practical, minimally
invasive technique for decompression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. However …