Uremic pruritus has a great negative influence on quality of life in hemodialysis (HD)
patients and, importantly, negatively affects mortality risk. Recently, nalfurafine …

This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers …

Peripheral nerve injury causes neuropathic pain, which is characterized by the paradoxical
sensations of positive and negative symptoms. Clinically, negative signs are frequently …

Opioids are the last option for the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain, but their
antinociceptive effects are limited. Decreased mu opioid receptor (MOR) expression in the …

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition that tends to worsen over time, leading to a
significant decline in patients' quality of life. The elderly population is disproportionately …

Research supports the effectiveness of acupuncture for conditions such as chronic low back
and knee pain. In a five-patient pilot study the modality also improved the symptoms of …

Background Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is used for the management of chronic intractable
neuropathic pain. While used clinically, it is unclear if SCS produces its effects by activation …

Neuropathic pain is often insensitive to morphine. Our previous study has demonstrated that
neuron-restrictive silencer factor represses mu opioid receptor (MOP) gene expression in …

Neuropathic pain is characterized by complicated combination of positive (eg, hyperalgesia
and allodynia) and negative (eg, hypoesthesia and hypoalgesia) symptoms, and is often …

Background Induced by varicella zoster virus (VZV), postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of
the common complications of herpes zoster (HZ) with refractory pain. Animal models play …