This article discusses the pathophysiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD)‐related
pain and its treatment with analgesic drugs. Temporomandibular disorders are comprised of …

Many orofacial pain conditions involve inflammation of orofacial tissues and they range from
acute pulpitis (toothache) and mucositis to chronic arthritic conditions affecting the …

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a common reason for patients to
present at dental offices. The majority of people with TMD are women between the age of 20 …

The interest of the scientific community on sex and gender differences in health and disease
has increased substantially over the past 25 to 30 y as a result of a long process of events …

Background. In addition to low back pain, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most
prevalent pain-and disability-related musculoskeletal conditions. However, the influence of …

(Headache 2011; 51: 891‐904) Trigeminal nerve‐mediated pain disorders such as
migraine, temporomandibular joint disorder, and classical trigeminal neuralgia are more …

We have recently demonstrated that gonadal steroid hormones decrease formalin‐induced
temporomandibular joint nociception in rats. Given that the attenuation of inflammation is a …

Females report temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain more than men and studies suggest
estrogen modulates this pain response. Our goal in this study was to determine genes that …

Background Testosterone protects male rats from Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) pain. This
study investigated whether this protective effect is mediated by an organizational action of …

Aims: To investigate whether the protective effect of testosterone on the development of
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) nociception in male rats is mediated by the activation of …