Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH), is linked with
increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative …

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) has been the subject of considerable research in recent years, and
triggers a bewildering array of both detrimental and beneficial effects in multiple …

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is best known for its essential roles in blood
vessel growth. However, evidence has emerged that VEGF-A also promotes a wide range of …

Spinal injury disrupts connections between the brain and spinal cord, causing life-long
paralysis. Most spinal injuries are incomplete, leaving spared neural pathways to motor …

Ventilatory responses to hypoxia vary widely depending on the pattern and length of hypoxic
exposure. Acute, prolonged, or intermittent hypoxic episodes can increase or decrease …

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is most often thought of for its role in morbidity associated with sleep-
disordered breathing, including central nervous system pathology. However, recent …

As in other neural systems, plasticity is a hallmark of the neural system controlling breathing.
One spinal mechanism of respiratory plasticity is phrenic long‐term facilitation (pLTF) …

Rationale: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron disease
causing paralysis and death from respiratory failure. Strategies to preserve and/or restore …

Neuroplasticity is an important property of the neural system controlling breathing. However,
our appreciation for its importance is still relatively new, and we have much to learn …

The JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway is one of the critical pathways regulating cell
proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Myocardin is regarded as a key mediator for the …