Background The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory
dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting
over 6 million people globally. Although there are symptomatic treatments that can increase …

The current nosological concept of α-synucleinopathies characterized by the presence of
Lewy bodies (LBs) includes Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that affects 7-10 million
individuals worldwide. A common early symptom of PD is olfactory dysfunction (OD), and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is known for its motor alterations, but the importance of non-motor
symptoms (NMSs), such as olfactory dysfunction (OD), is increasingly recognized. OD may …

The Olfactory Bulb is a component of the Olfactory System, in which it plays an essential role
as an interface between the peripheral components and the cerebral cortex responsible for …

The Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathological hallmarks amyloid β (Aβ) and tau
neurofibrillary (NF) pathology have been reported in the olfactory bulb (OB) in aging and in …

The olfactory bulb is involved early in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD),
which is consistent with the early onset of olfactory dysfunction. Identifying the molecular …

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a highly frequent early non-motor symptom of Parkinson's
disease (PD). An important step to potentially use OD for the development of early …

Recent studies have shown the efficacy of a home test for the self-evaluation of olfactory and
gustatory functions in quarantined coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. However …