Mountains contribute disproportionately to the terrestrial biodiversity of Earth, especially in
the tropics, where they host hotspots of extraordinary and puzzling richness. With about 25 …

Permafrost is a key element of the cryosphere and an essential climate variable in the
Global Climate Observing System. There is no remote-sensing method available to reliably …

High-resolution information on climatic conditions is essential to many applications in
environmental and ecological sciences. Here we present the CHELSA (Climatologies at …

Mountains are pivotal to maintaining habitat heterogeneity, global biodiversity, ecosystem
functions and services to humans. They have provided classic model natural systems for …

High-resolution, downscaled climate model data are used in a wide variety of applications
across environmental sciences. Here we introduce a new, high-resolution dataset, CHELSA …

Many studies report that mountain plant species are shifting upward in elevation. However,
the majority of these reports focus on shifts of upper limits. Here, we expand the focus and …

Climate change is altering phenology and distributions of many species and further changes
are projected. Can species physiologically adapt to climate warming? We analyse thermal …

This book provides a first synthetic view of an emerging area of ecology and biogeography,
linking individual-and population-level processes to geographic distributions and …

Terrestrial plant biomarkers and their carbon isotopes provide insights into carbon cycling,
paleovegetation and paleoclimate, ranging in scale from local to global. Over the past …

Experiments suggest that biodiversity enhances the ability of ecosystems to maintain
multiple functions, such as carbon storage, productivity, and the buildup of nutrient pools …