Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

The term B-factor, sometimes called the Debye–Waller factor, temperature factor, or atomic
displacement parameter, is used in protein crystallography to describe the attenuation of X …

Computational methods that predict protein stability changes induced by missense
mutations have made a lot of progress over the past decades. Most of the available methods …

ProThermDB is an updated version of the thermodynamic database for proteins and mutants
(ProTherm), which has∼ 31 500 data on protein stability, an increase of 84% from the …

Cancer genome and other sequencing initiatives are generating extensive data on non-
synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in human and other genomes. In …

Increasing the temperature by just a few degrees may lead to structural perturbation or
unfolding of the protein and consequent loss of function. The concepts of flexibility and …

Improving protein stability is an important goal for basic research as well as for clinical and
industrial applications but no commonly accepted and widely used strategy for efficient …

Accurately predicting changes in protein stability due to mutations is important for protein
engineering and for understanding the functional consequences of missense mutations in …

The near-universal genetic code defines the correspondence between codons in genes and
amino acids in proteins. We refactored the structure of the genetic code in Escherichia coli …

The past several years have seen novel insights at the interface of protein biophysics and
evolution. The accepted paradigm that proteins can tolerate nearly any amino acid …