Abstract The Galileo mission to Jupiter revealed that Europa is an ocean world. The Galileo
magnetometer experiment in particular provided strong evidence for a salty subsurface …

The habitability of Europa is a property within a system, which is driven by a multitude of
physical and chemical processes and is defined by many interdependent parameters, so …

Cassini revealed that Saturn's Moon Enceladus hosts a subsurface ocean that meets the
accepted criteria for habitability with bio-essential elements and compounds, liquid water …

Abstract The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) of ESA was launched on 14 April 2023
and will arrive at Jupiter and its moons in July 2031. In this review article, we describe how …

Liquid water oceans are now predicted to exist beneath the icy shells of numerous worlds in
the outer solar system. These ocean worlds are prime targets in our search for evidence of …

Europa's ocean lies atop an interior made of metal and silicates. On the basis of gravity data
from the Galileo mission, many argued that Europa's interior, like Earth, is differentiated into …

Of profound astrobiological interest, Enceladus appears to have a global saline subsurface
ocean, indicating water-rock reaction at present or in the past, an important mechanism in …

Convection occurs ubiquitously on and in rotating geophysical and astrophysical bodies.
Prior spherical shell studies have shown that the convection dynamics in polar regions can …

Understanding the internal structures of planets with a large H2O component is important for
the characterization of sub-Neptune planets. The finding that the mini-Neptune K2-18b could …

Prior analyses of oceanic magnetic induction within Jupiter's large icy moons have assumed
uniform electrical conductivity. However, the phase and amplitude responses of the induced …