This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity
and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation can be used to
predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in humans using preclinical data. It can also …

In recent decades, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME), and
toxicity (T) modelling as a tool for rational drug design has received considerable attention …

Irinotecan hydrochloride is a camptothecin derivative that exerts antitumor activity against a
variety of tumors. SN-38 produced in the body by carboxylesterase is the active metabolite of …

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) family transporters accept a number of drugs
and are increasingly being recognized as important factors in governing drug and …

Classic pharmacokinetics (PK) rarely takes into account the full knowledge of physiology
and biology of the human body. However, physiologically based PK (PBPK) is built mainly …

Personalized medicine strives to deliver the 'right drug at the right dose'by considering inter-
person variability, one of the causes for therapeutic failure in specialized populations of …

For ethical and cost-related reasons, use of animals for the assessment of mode of action,
metabolism and/or toxicity of new drug candidates has been increasingly scrutinized in …

During regulatory review of clinical pharmacology data in new drug applications and
biologics license applications, questions are routinely asked about how intrinsic factors (eg …

Recent advances in the identification and characterization of renal drug transporters and
drug‐metabolizing enzymes has led to greater understanding of their roles in drug and …