The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants are colonized by a variety of microbes that
collectively constitute the phyllosphere microbiota. Decades of pioneering work using …

In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their
impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep …

The importance of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in securing food production for the
growing world population with minimal environmental cost has been increasingly …

Nitrogen fixing symbioses between plants and bacteria are ancient and, while not
numerous, are formed in diverse lineages of plants ranging from microalgae to …

The term 'Anthropocene'was first used in the year 2000 to refer to the current time period in
which human impacts are at least as important as natural processes. It is currently being …

Soils are sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) globally, but emissions
from permafrost-affected soils have been considered negligible owing to nitrogen (N) …

Core Ideas Cereal N use efficiency was estimated at 35, 41, 30, and 21% for the world, the
United States, China, and India, respectively. There was a trend for increased N fertilizer …

Using robust, pairwise comparisons and a global dataset, we show that nitrogen
concentration per unit leaf mass for nitrogen-fixing plants (N2FP; mainly legumes plus some …

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF), an important source of N in terrestrial ecosystems,
plays a critical role in terrestrial nutrient cycling and net primary productivity. Currently, large …

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), a key reaction of the nitrogen cycle, is catalyzed by the
enzyme nitrogenase. The best studied isoform of this metalloenzyme requires molybdenum …