Psychological stress is common in many physical illnesses and is increasingly recognized
as a risk factor for disease onset and progression. An emerging body of literature suggests …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of several medical conditions that collectively predict
the risk for cardiovascular disease better than the sum of individual conditions. The risk of …

Air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality. A
growing literature also links exposure to diverse air pollutants (eg, nanoparticles, particulate …

Stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which then modulates the
degree of adaptation and response to a later stressor. It is known that early-life stress can …

Eating disorders and obesity have become predominant in human society. Their association
to modern lifestyle, encompassing calorie-rich diets, psychological stress, and comorbidity …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are critical regulators of energy balance. Their deregulation is
associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, it is not …

Both obesity and sarcopenia are frequently associated in ageing, and together may promote
the progression of related conditions such as diabetes and frailty. However, little is known …

Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of deaths due
to metabolic disorders in recent years. Molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and …

High-caloric diet and physical inactivity predispose individuals to obesity and diabetes,
which are risk factors of hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Along with …

Obesity can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy, a pathological condition characterized by the
loss of strength and muscle mass. A feature of muscle atrophy is a decrease of myofibrillar …