Bio-oil upgrading can be achieved mainly via three types of methods that are biomass pre-
treatment, catalytic upgrading and downstream bio-oil upgrading. The article aim is to review …

The utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomasses for bioenergy synthesis is believed to
facilitate competitive commercialization and realize affordable clean energy sources in the …

Lignocellulosic biomass can be convert to a condensable liquid named bio-oil, a solid
product named as char and a mixture of gaseous products comprising CO 2, CO, H 2, CH 4 …

Large-size woody biomass is a valuable renewable resource to replace fossil fuels in
biorefinery processes. The preprocessing of wood chips and briquettes is challenging to …

Biomass fast pyrolysis is potentially one of the cheapest routes toward renewable liquid
fuels. Its commercialization, however, poses a multi-scale challenge, which starts with the …

Pyrolysis is one of the thermochemical technologies for converting biomass into energy and
chemical products consisting of liquid bio-oil, solid biochar, and pyrolytic gas. Depending on …

The rapid increase in population has been identified as one of the main reasons for the
abundance generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), which could be advantageous when …

The utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is closely related to one of the renewable sources
of energy. However, a few inherent properties of lignocellulosic biomass such as high …

Torrefaction, a thermal pretreatment process, is gaining attention as it improves the physical
properties and chemical composition of biomass for recycling. During torrefaction, biomass …

Biomass torrefaction has gained widespread attention due to its benefits as a standalone
process to improve biomass properties to be at par or similar to those for coal in electricity …