Covering: up to the first half of 2010 Insects make up the largest and most diverse group of
organisms on earth, with nearly 1 million species described and millions more estimated to …

Alkaloids Phenolics Tannins Bird toxins Induced chemical defence Hormonal interactions
Insect antifeedants Oviposition stimulants and deterrents Pollination interactions Plant-plant …

In invertebrates, the cuticle is the first and major protective barrier against predators and
pathogen infections. While immune responses and behavioral defenses are also known to …

Stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) are large, tropical, predominantly nocturnal
herbivores, which exhibit extreme masquerade crypsis, whereby they morphologically and …

(Leprocaulinus, Macrophasma, and Phobaeticus) and conspecific males being winged.
Ocelli are present only in individuals capable of flight, but are also absent in many winged …

Phylogenetic studies of the stick and leaf insects (insect “order” Phasmatodea) have been
essentially lacking for a long period of time. Although the taxonomy of phasmatodeans has …

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus whose infection in humans can lead to severe outcomes.
This article reviews studies reporting the anti-ZIKV activity of natural products (NPs) and …

Research on the defensive chemistry of insects during the last decade is reviewed, with
special emphasis on non-volatile compounds. The isolation and structure determination of …

Mimicry and secondary defense are staples among predator–prey interactions. Among
insects, the stick and leaf insects are masters of camouflage. Nonetheless, a meager …

Stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) are a distinctive insect order whose members are
characterized by mimicking various plant tissues such as twigs, foliage and bark …