The human retina contains three types of glial cells: microglia and two types of macroglia,
astrocytes and Müller cells. Macroglia provide homeostatic and metabolic support to …

Glaucoma is a common, complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized
by progressive dysfunction and then loss of retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the …

Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration that
results in visual field loss and irreversible blindness. A crucial element in the …

Müller glial cells span the entire thickness of the tissue, and ensheath all retinal neurons, in
vertebrate retinae of all species. This morphological relationship is reflected by a multitude …

Müller cells are active players in normal retinal function and in virtually all forms of retinal
injury and disease. Reactive Müller cells protect the tissue from further damage and …

Oncomodulin (Ocm) is a myeloid cell–derived growth factor that enables axon regeneration
in mice and rats after optic nerve injury or peripheral nerve injury, yet the mechanisms …

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of macular hole (MH) closure following the inverted
internal limiting membrane (ILM) technique. Methods: We performed the inverted ILM flap …

purpose. In both animal model systems and in human glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells
(RGCs) die by apoptosis. To understand how RGC apoptosis is initiated in these systems …

In mature mammals, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are unable to regenerate their axons after
optic nerve injury, and they soon undergo apoptotic cell death. However, a small puncture …

Neurotrophic factors play key roles in the development and survival of neurons. The potent
neuroprotective effects of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor …