Dispersal costs can be classified into energetic, time, risk and opportunity costs and may be
levied directly or deferred during departure, transfer and settlement. They may equally be …

Breeding has played an important role in the mariculture and industrialization of kelp in
China. However, the current kelp breeding systems in China have encountered some …

Summary 1 Relationships between plant population size, fitness and within‐population
genetic diversity are fundamental for plant ecology, evolution and conservation. We …

The assurance of reproduction when outcrossing is unpredictable is a venerable and widely
invoked explanation for uniparental reproduction via self-fertilization or asexuality. This …

Flower colour polymorphism is traditionally attributed to pollinator selection although other
factors, such as indirect selection on correlated traits, can play an important role. L …

Self‐compatibility and adaptations to self‐fertilization are often found in plant populations at
the periphery of species' ranges or on islands. Self‐compatibility may predominate in these …

Mating systems in plants are known to be highly labile traits, with frequent transitions from
outcrossing to selfing. The genetic basis for breakdown in self‐incompatibility (SI) systems …

Understanding the reproductive system of mint (Mentha spp.) through self or open
pollination is critical for its improvement. In this study, fresh and dry weight, essential oil …

The evolution of selfing from outcrossing is a common transition, yet little is known about the
mutations and selective factors that promote this shift. In the mustard family, single-locus self …

Epipactis flava Seidenf., is an endangered Thai rheophytic orchid that has decreased rapidly
throughout its natural habitat and urgently requires conservation using in vitro techniques …