It has been claimed that bilingual experience leads to an enhancement of cognitive control
across the lifespan, a claim that has been investigated by comparing monolingual and …

Because of enduring experience of managing two languages, bilinguals have been argued
to develop superior executive functioning compared with monolinguals. Despite extensive …

In “The Devil's Dictionary”, Bierce (1911) defined language as “The music with which we
charm the serpents guarding another's treasure.” This satirical definition reflects a core truth …

According to some estimates, more than half of the world's population is multilingual to some
extent. Because of the centrality of language use to human experience and the deep …

Bilingual and multilingual individuals exhibit variation in everyday language experience.
Studies on bilingualism account for individual differences with measures such as L2 age of …

Recent years have seen a surge in research comparing bilinguals to monolinguals, yet
synthesizing this literature is complicated by the diversity of language and social …

No two bilinguals are the same. Differences in bilingual experiences can affect language-
related processes but have also been proposed to modulate executive functioning …

Proficient bilinguals use two languages actively, but the contexts in which they do so may
differ dramatically. The present study asked what consequences the contexts of language …

The language history questionnaire (LHQ) is an important tool for assessing the linguistic
background and language proficiency of multilinguals or second language learners …

We investigated the independent contributions of second language (L2) age of acquisition
(AoA) and social diversity of language use on intrinsic brain organization using seed-based …