The mammalian hippocampal formation contains several distinct populations of neurons
involved in representing self-position and orientation. These neurons, which include place …

The hippocampus is thought to enable the encoding and retrieval of ongoing experience,
the organization of that experience into structured representations like contexts, maps, and …

Spatial working memory can be assessed in mice through the spontaneous alternation T-
maze test. The T-maze is a T-shaped apparatus featuring a stem (start arm) and two lateral …

Gender differences in navigation performance are a recurrent and controversial topic.
Previous research suggests that men outperform women in navigation tasks and that men …

Abstract 17β-Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) influence place and response memory in
female rats in spatial navigation tasks. Use of these memory systems is associated with the …

In general, strategies for spatial navigation could employ one of two spatial reference
frames: egocentric or allocentric. Notwithstanding intuitive explanations, it remains unclear …

Spatial navigation has received much attention from neuroscientists, leading to the
identification of key brain areas and the discovery of numerous spatially selective cells …

A History of Psychology: The Emergence of Science and Applications, Sixth Edition, traces
the history of psychology from antiquity through the early 21st century, giving students a …

Recently, many funding agencies have released guidelines on the importance of
considering sex as a biological variable (SABV) as an experimental factor, aiming to …

Altered signaling or function of acetylcholine (ACh) has been reported in various
neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Tourette syndrome, epilepsy among …