In the last decades, the majority of the existing infrastructure heritage is approaching the end
of its nominal design life mainly due to aging, deterioration, and degradation phenomena …

The time-dependent behavior and long-term stability of deep-buried tunnels in soft rocks
have received lots of considerations in tunnel engineering and allied sciences. To better …

The application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in the field of tunnel
deformation monitoring has changed the traditional measurement method. It provides an …

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) detects a tunnel with relatively low-frequency
electromagnetic waves, which can result in poorly characterized reinforced steel bar (rebar) …

Due to the substantial need to continuously ensure safe excavations and sustainable
operation of deep engineering structures, structural health monitoring based on remote …

Relatively low ground-penetrating radar antenna frequencies are usually selected for tunnel
inspection due to the thickness of the lining, which causes the geometric features of voids in …

4. Conclusions GPR as a non-destructive evaluation technique has proven to be the method
of choice; therefore, a multitude of applications have been developed, especially in civil …

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) with different center frequencies can detect defects at
different depths with a range of resolutions enabling it to be used for subsurface defect …

This paper presents an alternative method for monitoring groundwater levels and estimating
specific yields of an unconfined aquifer under different seasonal conditions. The approach …

The application of deep learning algorithms for subsurface distress detection using ground
penetrating radar (GPR) data has seen extensive utilization. However, a significant …