Rhizobial bacteria enter a symbiotic association with leguminous plants, resulting in
differentiated bacteria enclosed in intracellular compartments called symbiosomes within …

Highlights•Nodulation of legumes is encoded by at least three genetic rhizobial
strategies.•The 'nod'strategy has been the most successful evolutionarily.•Evolution of nod …

Rhizobia are phylogenetically disparate α-and β-proteobacteria that have achieved the
environmentally essential function of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) in symbiosis with …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ribosomally synthesized natural antibiotics that are
crucial effectors of innate immune systems in all living organisms. AMPs are diverse …

Symbiotic partnerships with rhizobial bacteria enable legumes to grow without nitrogen
fertilizer because rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia via nitrogenase …

With bacterial resistance becoming a serious threat to global public health, antimicrobial
peptides (AMPs) have become a promising area of focus in antibiotic research. AMPs are …

The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legume plants and Rhizobium bacteria is the most
prominent plant–microbe endosymbiotic system and, together with mycorrhizal fungi, has …

Symbiosis between Rhizobium bacteria and legumes leads to the formation of the root
nodule. The endosymbiotic bacteria reside in polyploid host cells as membrane-surrounded …

Biological nitrogen fixation is vital to nutrient cycling in the biosphere and is the major route
by which atmospheric dinitrogen (N 2) is reduced to ammonia. The largest single …

Sinorhizobium meliloti differentiates into persisting, nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within root
nodules of the legume Medicago truncatula. Nodule-specific cysteine-rich antimicrobial …