Inflammation is a complicated biological and pathophysiological cascade of responses to
infections and injuries, and inflammatory mechanisms are closely related to many diseases …

LPS is a potent trigger of macrophage-mediated inflammation. However, prolonged
exposure to LPS induces a state of tolerance that reprograms the inflammatory response …

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 followed by developments and discoveries
in small RNA biology have redefined the biological landscape by significantly altering the …

The molecular mechanisms that control innate immune cell trafficking during chronic
infection and inflammation, such as in tuberculosis (TB), are incompletely understood …

The outcome of the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and a
macrophage depends on the interplay between host defense and bacterial immune …

Pathogenic bacteria cause various infections worldwide, especially in immunocompromised
and other susceptible individuals, and are also associated with high infant mortality rates in …

Tuberculosis continues to kill 1· 4 million people annually. During the past 5 years, an
alarming increase in the number of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and …

Micro RNA s, small non‐coding RNAs expressed by eukaryotic cells, play pivotal roles in
shaping cell differentiation and organism development. Deregulated micro RNA expression …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading
infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB …

Cold viruses have generally been considered fairly innocuous until the appearance of the
severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, which caused the …