A blood–brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity

H Kadry, B Noorani, L Cucullo - Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, 2020 - Springer
The blood–brain barrier is playing a critical role in controlling the influx and efflux of
biological substances essential for the brain's metabolic activity as well as neuronal function …

How does the immune system enter the brain?

JA Mapunda, H Tibar, W Regragui… - Frontiers in …, 2022 - frontiersin.org
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is considered the most frequent inflammatory demyelinating disease
of the central nervous system (CNS). It occurs with a variable prevalence across the world. A …

Multiple sclerosis pathology

H Lassmann - Cold Spring Harbor perspectives …, 2018 - perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system (CNS), which gives rise to focal lesions in the gray and white matter and to …

Functional morphology of the blood–brain barrier in health and disease

S Liebner, RM Dijkhuizen, Y Reiss, KH Plate… - Acta …, 2018 - Springer
The adult quiescent blood–brain barrier (BBB), a structure organised by endothelial cells
through interactions with pericytes, astrocytes, neurons and microglia in the neurovascular …

How leukocytes cross the vascular endothelium

D Vestweber - Nature Reviews Immunology, 2015 - nature.com
Immune responses depend on the ability of leukocytes to move from the circulation into
tissue. This is enabled by mechanisms that guide leukocytes to the right exit sites and allow …

A genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen identifies essential regulators of T cell migration to the CNS in a multiple sclerosis model

A Kendirli, C de la Rosa, KF Lämmle, K Eglseer… - Nature …, 2023 - nature.com
Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the CNS, yet we
lack a comprehensive understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate this process …

The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system

P Mastorakos, D McGavern - Science immunology, 2019 - science.org
Barriers between circulation and the central nervous system (CNS) play a key role in the
development and modulation of CNS immune responses. Structural variations in the …

Methionine metabolism shapes T helper cell responses through regulation of epigenetic reprogramming

DG Roy, J Chen, V Mamane, EH Ma, BM Muhire… - Cell metabolism, 2020 - cell.com
Epigenetic modifications on DNA and histones regulate gene expression by modulating
chromatin accessibility to transcription machinery. Here we identify methionine as a key …

Glial influence on the blood brain barrier

JI Alvarez, T Katayama, A Prat - Glia, 2013 - Wiley Online Library
The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is a specialized vascular structure tightly regulating central
nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Endothelial cells are the central component of the BBB …

T helper 17.1 cells associate with multiple sclerosis disease activity: perspectives for early intervention

J Van Langelaar, RM van der Vuurst de Vries… - Brain, 2018 - academic.oup.com
Abstract Interleukin-17-expressing CD4+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells are considered as critical
regulators of multiple sclerosis disease activity. However, depending on the species and pro …