The primary causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children differ from those of CKD in
adults. In the USA the most common diagnostic groups of renal disease that manifest before …

▪ Abstract This review provides a synthesis that combines data from classical
experimentation and recent advances in our understanding of early eye development …

Knowledge of the primary cause of a disease is essential for elucidation of its mechanisms,
and for adequate classification, prognosis, and treatment. Recently, the causes of many …

This review elucidates the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and sex
differentiation with examples from embryology, animal models, and clinical syndromes. Sex …

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys or lower urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common
causes of renal failure in children and account for 25% of end-stage renal disease in adults …

Wilms' tumor (WT) has been considered a prototype for arrested cellular differentiation in
cancer, but previous studies have relied on selected markers. We have now performed an …

We describe a new mouse frameshift mutation (Pax2 1Neu) with a 1-bp insertion in the Pax2
gene. This mutation is identical to a previously described mutation in a human family with …

The mature eye is a complex organ that develops through a highly organized process during
embryogenesis. Alterations in its genetic programming can lead to severe disorders that …

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) occur in three to six of 1000
live births, represent about 20% of the prenatally detected anomalies, and constitute the …

Renal coloboma syndrome, also known as papillorenal syndrome is an autosomal‐
dominant disorder characterized by ocular and renal malformations. Mutations in the paired …