Melatonin is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. In this review,
the biosynthesis, levels, signaling, and possible roles of melatonin and its metabolites in …

Gibberellin research has its origins in Japan in the 19th century, when a disease of rice was
shown to be due to a fungal infection. The symptoms of the disease including overgrowth of …

Lipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma
membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear …

The Arabidopsis immune receptor FLS2 perceives bacterial flagellin epitope flg22 to activate
defenses through the central cytoplasmic kinase BIK1. The heterotrimeric G proteins …

Several studies have described the potential use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
emitted by soil microorganisms, specifically of the genus Bacillus, as a sustainable solution …

ABSTRACT G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of receptors in
many organisms, including worms, mice and humans. GPCRs are seven-transmembrane …

Most plant-parasitic nematodes are obligate biotrophs feeding on the roots of their hosts.
Whereas ectoparasites remain on the root surface and feed on the outer cell layers …

Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are a large group of transmembrane proteins playing
critical roles in cell–cell and cell–environment communications. Based on extracellular …

Trypanosome parasites control their virulence and spread by using quorum sensing (QS) to
generate transmissible" stumpy forms" in their host bloodstream. However, the QS signal" …

Heterotrimeric G proteins are important transducers of receptor signaling, functioning in
plants with CLAVATA receptors in controlling shoot meristem size and with pathogen …