How consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly
assumed, and why all vertebrates and perhaps even some invertebrates are conscious …

The major classes of chemicals and brain pathways involved in sexual arousal in mammals
are well studied and are thought to be of an ancient, evolutionarily conserved origin. Here …

The central nervous cholinergic system of the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a model animal for
neurogenetics, is documented here using immunohistochemical methods for visualizing …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of the
basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons. The BF cholinergic system, consisting of a cluster …

Breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease. The intrinsic molecular subtypes can
explain the intertumoral heterogeneity and the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis can …

Ventral midline Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signalling is crucial for growth and patterning of the
embryonic forebrain. Here, we report how enhanced Shh midline signalling affects the …

Neural communication depends on release and reception of different neurotransmitters
within complex circuits that ultimately mediate basic biological functions. We mapped the …

Ozone is a strong oxidant, highly unstable atmospheric gas. Its medical use at low
concentrations has been progressively increasing as an alternative/adjuvant treatment for …

The localization of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been well described in most classes of
vertebrates but not in adult lampreys. The question if the GABA distribution is similar …

Fishes are the phylogenetically oldest vertebrate group, which includes more than one‐half
of the vertebrates on the planet; additionally, many species have ecological and economic …