Global demand for macroalgal and microalgal foods is growing, and algae are increasingly
being consumed for functional benefits beyond the traditional considerations of nutrition and …

Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound. SA plays an important role in
the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of …

Increases in ambient temperatures have been a severe threat to crop production in many
countries around the world under climate change. Chloroplasts serve as metabolic centers …

Oxygen is a natural acceptor of electrons in the respiratory pathway of aerobic organisms
and in many other biochemical reactions. Aerobic metabolism is always associated with the …

Carotenoid pigments, particularly β-carotene and lycopene, are consumed in human
foodstuffs and play a vital role in maintaining health. β-carotene is known to quench singlet …

Photosynthesis uses light energy to drive the oxidation of water at an oxygen-evolving
catalytic site within photosystem II (PSII). We report the structure of PSII of the …

▪ Abstract The involvement of excited and highly reactive intermediates in oxygenic
photosynthesis poses unique problems for algae and plants in terms of potential oxidative …

Heavy metals, depending on their oxidation states, can be highly reactive and, as a
consequence, toxic to most organisms. They are produced by an expanding variety of …

Carotenoids are abundant in many fruits and vegetables and they play diverse roles in
photobiology, photochemistry and medicine. This review concerns the reactivity of …

Carotenoids are essential for the survival of photosynthetic organisms [1-6]. They act as
protective devices against irreversible photodestruction of the photosynthetic apparatus …