Pupils respond to three distinct kinds of stimuli: they constrict in response to brightness (the
pupil light response), constrict in response to near fixation (the pupil near response), and …

Architectural lighting has potent biological effects but applied lighting practices that
capitalize on this potential have been limited. In this review, we endeavor to consolidate and …

Ocular light exposure has important influences on human health and well-being through
modulation of circadian rhythms and sleep, as well as neuroendocrine and cognitive …

Before the invention of electric lighting, humans were primarily exposed to intense (> 300
lux) or dim (< 30 lux) environmental light—stimuli at extreme ends of the circadian system's …

Human circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral responses to light are mediated
primarily by melanopsin-containing intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells …

Ocular light drives a range of nonvisual responses in humans including suppression of
melatonin secretion and circadian phase resetting. These responses are driven by …

This paper discusses the rise of human-centric lighting and its current status in lighting. We
summarise the human benefits associated with light and lighting and show that human …

Light is a potent stimulus for regulating circadian, hormonal, and behavioral systems. In
addition, light therapy is effective for certain affective disorders, sleep problems, and …

Light has profoundly influenced the evolution of life on earth. As widely appreciated, light
enables us to generate images of our environment. However, light—through intrinsically …

The autonomic nervous system influences numerous ocular functions. It does this by way of
parasympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the …