In the early 1960s, as part of the German biowarfare program [1], laboratory workers
exposed rabbits and guinea pigs to aerosolized botulinum toxin type A. The animals were …

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking
agent used for the treatment of a variety of neurologic and medical conditions. The efficacy …

Botulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin
produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum elaborates eight …

Botulinum neurotoxin type‐A (BoNT‐A) has been used in association with other
interventions in the management of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) for almost …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a major therapeutic agent that is licensed in neurological
indications, such as dystonia and spasticity. The BoNT family, which is produced in nature …

Uses of botulinum toxin injection in medicine today | The BMJ Skip to main content Intended
for healthcare professionals Access provided by Google Indexer Subscribe My Account My …

Although botulinum toxin is generally considered safe, its widespread use and the
constantly expanded indications raise safety issues. This study aimed to review the serious …

Botulinum toxins are the causative agents of the severe food-borne illness botulism. With
lethal doses approximating 10− 9 g/kg body weight, these neurotoxins represent some of the …

Publisher Summary Botulism is an acute neuroparalytic disease of humans and animals
caused through the action of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) acting at the neuromuscular …

Cosmetic use of BTX has skyrocketed in recent years, especially since the approval of BTX-
A for treatment of glabellar lines. Complications and adverse reactions can easily arise …